Singapore Turns Wastewater into Drinking Water
2021-08-15
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1The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water.
2The system involves a network of tunnels and high-technology treatment centers.
3Reused wastewater can now meet 40 percent of Singapore's water demand.
4The country's water agency says it expects to meet 55 percent of Singapore's water demand by the year 2060.
5Most of the water is used for microchip manufacturing centers and cooling systems in buildings.
6But some of it is added to the country's drinking water supplies.
7The system helps reduce ocean pollution, as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea.
8The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world's wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused.
9Singapore has few natural water sources.
10The island nation has long had to depend mostly on supplies from neighboring Malaysia.
11Low Pei Chin is chief engineer of the water reclamation department of the Public Utilities Board.
12She told reporters with Agence France-Press, "Singapore lacks natural resources, and it is limited in space, which is why we are always looking for ways to explore water sources and stretch our water supply."
13One major plan is to "collect every drop" and "reuse endlessly," she added.
14The Changi Water Reclamation Plant on Singapore's eastern coast is the main part of the country's recycling system.
15Parts of the water treatment center are underground.
16Wastewater enters the center through a 48-kilometer tunnel that is linked to sewers.
17The center contains a large system of steel pipes, tubes, tanks, cleaning systems and other machinery.
18It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day.
19In one building, a network of air flow systems has been put in place to keep the air smelling as fresh as possible.
20Waste that arrives at the plant goes through a cleaning process before powerful pumps send it flowing to areas above ground for more treatment.
21There, the treated water receives additional cleaning.
22Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and disinfected with ultraviolet radiation.
23Singapore is also in the process of expanding its recycling system.
24The country will add another underground tunnel and a major water treatment center to serve the western half of the island.
25Officials expect work on the center to be completed by 2025.
26By the time the expansion is finished, Singapore will have spent about $7.4 billion on its water treatment systems.
27I'm Jonathan Evans.
1The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water. 2The system involves a network of tunnels and high-technology treatment centers. 3Reused wastewater can now meet 40 percent of Singapore's water demand. The country's water agency says it expects to meet 55 percent of Singapore's water demand by the year 2060. 4Most of the water is used for microchip manufacturing centers and cooling systems in buildings. But some of it is added to the country's drinking water supplies. 5The system helps reduce ocean pollution, as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea. 6The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world's wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused. 7Singapore has few natural water sources. The island nation has long had to depend mostly on supplies from neighboring Malaysia. 8Low Pei Chin is chief engineer of the water reclamation department of the Public Utilities Board. She told reporters with Agence France-Press, "Singapore lacks natural resources, and it is limited in space, which is why we are always looking for ways to explore water sources and stretch our water supply." 9One major plan is to "collect every drop" and "reuse endlessly," she added. 10The Changi Water Reclamation Plant on Singapore's eastern coast is the main part of the country's recycling system. 11Parts of the water treatment center are underground. Wastewater enters the center through a 48-kilometer tunnel that is linked to sewers. 12The center contains a large system of steel pipes, tubes, tanks, cleaning systems and other machinery. It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day. 13In one building, a network of air flow systems has been put in place to keep the air smelling as fresh as possible. 14Waste that arrives at the plant goes through a cleaning process before powerful pumps send it flowing to areas above ground for more treatment. 15There, the treated water receives additional cleaning. Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and disinfected with ultraviolet radiation. 16Singapore is also in the process of expanding its recycling system. 17The country will add another underground tunnel and a major water treatment center to serve the western half of the island. Officials expect work on the center to be completed by 2025. 18By the time the expansion is finished, Singapore will have spent about $7.4 billion on its water treatment systems. 19I'm Jonathan Evans. 20Jonathan Evans adapted this story for Learning English based on a report from Agence France-Presse. Ashley Thompson was the editor. 21______________________________________ 22Words in This Story 23reclamation - n. the act or process of recovering; the state of being recovered 24sewer - n. a usually covered drain to carry off water and waste 25tunnel - n. a passage that goes under the ground, through a hill, etc. 26ultraviolet - adj. used to describe rays of light that cannot be seen and that are slightly shorter than the rays of violet light